In the heat of the summer, while many reach for a cold beverage, South Koreans turn to a traditional hot soup known as Samgyetang to beat the heat. This iconic dish is not only deeply ingrained in Korean culture but also cherished for its health benefits and hearty flavors. Samgyetang, or ginseng chicken soup, is a culinary staple during the hottest days of the year, believed to replenish energy and boost vitality. This article explores the origins, ingredients, cultural significance, and modern-day appreciation of Samgyetang.
Samgyetang 삼계탕
1. Historical Roots
The practice of eating nourishing soups to counteract the extreme heat dates back to ancient times in Korean history. The philosophy stems from the principle of “yi yeol chi yeol” (以熱治熱), which suggests fighting heat with heat, a concept also found in other East Asian cultures. Samgyetang specifically began gaining popularity in the 20th century as ginseng became more widely available and its medicinal properties were increasingly valued.
2. Ingredients And Preparation
Samgyetang is a ginseng chicken soup made with a whole young chicken stuffed with glutinous rice, then simmered in a broth enriched with Korean ginseng, garlic, jujube fruits, and sometimes other medicinal herbs like goji berries. The chicken is typically a small, spring chicken, making it tender and suitable for single servings. The inclusion of ginseng is critical, as it is renowned for its health-giving properties, including boosting stamina and improving blood flow.
To prepare Samgyetang, the chicken is carefully cleaned and stuffed with pre-soaked glutinous rice along with the other ingredients. It’s then sewn up or secured to keep the stuffing inside while cooking. The broth, seasoned minimally with salt, pepper, and scallions, is kept clear and light, allowing the flavors of the chicken and ginseng to shine through. The result is a nourishing, soothing soup that is both filling and revitalizing.
Korean ginseng, a key ingredient in Samgyetang (Korean ginseng chicken soup), is renowned for its health-promoting properties. Often referred to as “Panax ginseng,” it is considered a medicinal herb that boosts energy and strengthens the immune system. In Samgyetang, the whole root of Korean ginseng is simmered with a young chicken, garlic, and glutinous rice, infusing the broth with its distinctive, earthy flavor and myriad health benefits.
3. Cultural Significance
Samgyetang holds a special place in Korean dining, particularly on the hottest days of the year known as “Boknal” days. These are three specific days, usually in July and August, believed to be the hottest according to the lunar calendar. Many Koreans believe in eating Samgyetang on these days to restore the energy sapped by the summer heat. The soup is more than just a seasonal dish; it is a tonic believed to promote health and longevity, embodying the philosophy of food as medicine.
4. Modern-Day Appreciation And Variations
While traditional Samgyetang remains popular, modern variations have also surfaced to cater to contemporary tastes and health-conscious consumers. Some variations include adding ingredients like abalone, black garlic, or sea cucumber, which not only enhance the flavor but also increase the nutritive value of the dish. Vegetarian versions, although less common, substitute chicken with mushrooms and other hearty vegetables, still focusing on the health benefits of the ginseng-infused broth.
In Seoul and beyond, numerous restaurants specialize in Samgyetang, each boasting its own secret recipe or a unique twist on the classic. The dish has also gained popularity internationally, featured in Korean restaurants around the world, and appreciated by health enthusiasts and foodies alike.
Conclusion
Samgyetang is much more than just a chicken soup; it is a symbol of Korean culinary wisdom, where food and medicine converge to nourish the body and spirit. As both a cultural artifact and a beloved summertime meal, it continues to be a testament to the enduring appeal of Korean cuisine’s flavorful, health-focused dishes. Whether consumed for its purported health benefits or simply for its delicious taste, Samgyetang remains a cherished dish capable of bringing comfort and warmth any day of the year.